
Introduction: La "Bio-cratie" mondiale.
1. Hiérarchie intellectuelle au Canada
2. Hiérarchie intellectuelle au Brésil
3. Hiérarchie intellectuelle en Angleterre
4. Hiérarchie intellectuelle en Hollande
5. Hiérarchie intellectuelle en Amérique
6. Hiérarchie intellectuelle en Australie
7. Hiérarchie intellectuelle en Afrique
Conclusion
Introduction.
Quel que soit le pays à travers le monde, la hiérarchie reste rigoureusement identique, avec un ordre dictée par le Q.I moyen racial :
1. Juifs Ashkénazes (110)
2. Asiatiques de l’est (105)
3. Européens (100)
4. Asiatiques du sud-est (92)
5. Inuits (91)
6. Métis caucasiens-africain (81-90)
7. Amérindiens (86)
8. Nord africains et sud asiatiques (84-88)
9. Africains (67-80)
10. Aborigènes d’Australie (62)
Les différences sont bien sûr plus marquées entre les races dont le Q.I diffère sensiblement et est plus ténue entre les races d’intelligence proche.
Cette hiérarchie se vérifie immanquablement pour :
1.
L’éducation.
2.
Les salaires moyens.
3.
Le taux de crime et délit (le taux augmente par ordre croissant tandis que le Q.I diminue)
4.
Le statut socio-économique.
5.
La fécondité (le taux de fécondité augmente par ordre croissant tandis que le Q.I diminue)
Il y a toutefois des exceptions dans ce taux de fécondité, montrant la place de certains facteurs culturels comme le haut taux de fécondité des hispaniques de religion catholique.
6.
L’arriération mentale (augmente par ordre croissant tandis que le Q.I diminue)
7.
La réussite scolaire.
8.
La délinquance juvénile (augmente par ordre croissant tandis que le Q.I diminue)
9.
Le pourcentage de mères célibataires (augmente par ordre croissant tandis que le Q.I diminue)
10.
Le taux de chomage ((augmente par ordre croissant tandis que le Q.I diminue)
11.
La réussite au SAT (test d’entré de la plupart des universités américaines)
12.
La prévalence de personnes douées.
Ces différences découlent toutes des inégalités intellectuelle entre les grandes races d’homo sapiens, les juifs ashkénazes, les asiatiques et les caucasiens se démarquant par un haut taux d’accomplissements culturels, des salaires élevés, un taux de crimes et délits faible, un statut socio économique élevé, un taux de fécondité faible, une réussite scolaire valable, une délinquance juvénile faible, un taux de mères célibataires peu élevé, un taux de chomage limité, une réussite au SAT élevée et une prévalence importante de personne douées.
A l’inverse, les nord africains, les africains et les aborigènes d’Australie se caractérisent par une aptitude intellectuelle moindre, des salaires moins élevés, un taux de crimes et délits important (particulièrement les noirs) un statut socio économique moins élevé, une fécondité supérieure, une réussite scolaire moindre avec de plus importants troubles juvéniles, un pourcentage important de mères célibataires, un taux de chomage élevé, une réussite au SAT faible et une prévalence de personnes douées faible.
1. Hiérarchie intellectuelle au Canada
Table 6.7. IQs of races in Canada
|
Group |
IQ |
Group |
IQ |
|
jews |
109 |
Inuits |
91 |
|
Chinese |
101 |
Native Americans |
87 |
|
Whites |
100 |
Blacks |
84 |
1.1 La hiérarchie reste Q.Icratique pour l'éducation
Table 6.8. Race and ethnic differences in educational attainment
|
|
Measure |
Year |
jews |
Chinese |
British |
French |
European |
Native American |
Black |
|
1 |
Illiterate % |
1921 |
7 |
27 |
1 |
8 |
14 |
|
8 |
|
2 |
Illiterate % |
1931 |
4 |
15 |
1 |
6 |
8 |
- |
8 |
|
3 |
10th grade % |
1951 |
53 |
31 |
55 |
30 |
35 |
6 |
? |
|
4 |
10th grade % |
1961 |
64 |
45 |
63 |
38 |
31 |
9 |
|
|
5 |
10", grade % |
1971 |
80 |
75 |
77 |
59 |
58 |
38 |
? |
|
6 |
10th grade % |
1981 |
85 |
80 |
84 |
77 |
72 |
55 |
88 |
|
7 |
Years-NB |
1981 |
13.5 |
13.1 |
11.7 |
11.1 |
11.9 |
- |
11.8 |
|
8 |
Years-FB |
1981 |
12.7 |
11.9 |
12.7 |
12.4 |
10.7 |
- |
12.4 |
|
9 |
Years-M |
1991 |
15.0 |
14.7 |
12.3 |
11.7 |
12.4 |
9.5 |
12.8 |
|
10 |
Years-W |
1991 |
14.6 |
14.6 |
12.6 |
12.2 |
12.5 |
10.4 |
13.0 |
|
Sources: rows 1-6: Herberg, 1990b; rows 7-8: Li, 1988; rows 9-10: Sweetman & Dicks, 2000. |
|||||||||
1.2 La hiérarchie reste Q.Icratique pour les salaires
Table 6.11. Race and ethnic differences in annual earnings, 1941-2001
|
|
Year |
Jews |
Chinese |
British |
French |
European |
Native American |
Black |
Southeast Asian |
|
1 |
1941 |
1,327 |
931 |
1,515 |
1,007 |
1,115 |
802 |
? |
|
|
2 |
1951 |
2,619 |
2,100 |
2,481 |
2,150 |
2,232 |
1,404 |
? |
|
|
3 |
1961 |
7,426 |
3,895 |
4,852 |
3,872 |
3,319 |
- |
? |
|
|
4 |
1971 |
12,368 |
6,668 |
8,500 |
, 7,307 |
7,846 |
- |
? |
|
|
5 |
1981 |
21,349 |
13,292 |
15,100 |
13,831 |
13,367 |
9,032 |
13,029 |
? |
|
6 |
1991 |
50,100 73,928 |
34,570 40,817 |
34,660 43,398 |
31,615 - |
33,100 - |
27,535 32,176 |
28,495 35,100 |
35,615 34,100 |
|
7 |
2001 |
||||||||
|
Sources: 1941-1981: Herberg (1990b). 1981-2001: Statistics Canada. |
|||||||||
1.3 relation inverse entre le Q.I et le crime
Table 6.16. Race differences in crime (per 1,000 population)
|
Year |
Sex |
White |
Black |
Indian |
South Asian |
Chinese |
|
1992 |
M/F |
7.1 |
36.9 |
19.9 |
4.6 |
3.5 |
2. Hiérarchie intellectuelle au Brésil
Table 4.2. Race and ethnie differences in intellizence
|
|
Test |
Japanese |
European |
Mulatto |
Black |
Reference |
|
1 |
Q.I |
99 |
95 |
81 |
71 |
Fernandez, 2001 Fernandez, 2001 Paine et al., 1992 |
|
2 |
(Numbers) |
186 |
735 |
718 |
223 |
2.1 La hiérarchie reste Q.Icratique pour l'éducation
Table 4.3. Race and ethnie differences in educational attainment and literacy (percentages)
|
|
Measure |
Year |
japanese |
Whites |
Mulattos |
Blacks |
|
1 |
High school |
1950 |
- |
4.9 |
0.5 |
0.2 |
|
2 |
Literate |
1950 |
- |
59.3 |
31.1 |
26.7 |
|
3 |
Degree |
1980 |
10.0 |
6.4 |
1.9 |
1.0 |
|
4 |
Literate |
1991 |
- |
84.3 |
66.6 |
65.3 |
|
5 |
High school-M |
1996 |
- |
56.5 |
39.3 |
28.0 |
|
6 |
High school-F |
1996 |
- |
64.9 |
48.1 |
45.4 |
|
7 |
Literate |
1999 |
- |
91.7 |
80.4 |
79.0 |
|
8 |
Degree |
1996 |
- |
10.0 |
2.4 |
1.8 |
2.2 La hiérarchie reste Q.Icratique pour le salaire et le statut socio économique
Table 4.4. Race and ethnie differences in earnings and socioeconomic status
|
|
Measure |
japanese |
Europeans |
Mulattos |
Blacks |
|
1 |
Income, 1960 |
- |
11,601 |
6,492 |
5,444 |
|
2 |
Income, 1980 |
35,610 |
21,867 |
11,053 |
9,004 |
|
3 |
Income, 1991 |
- |
224,752 |
132,400 |
129,165 |
|
4 |
Poverty, 1987 |
- |
24% |
44% |
46% |
|
5 |
Professionals, 1950 |
- |
4.5% |
2.4% |
2.1% |
|
6 |
Professionals, 1980 |
- |
9.0% |
3.8% |
2.5% |
|
7 |
Professionals, 1991 |
- |
27.5% |
15.8% |
12.1% |
|
8 |
Unemployment: M |
- |
3.5% |
4.1% |
4.8% |
|
9 |
Unemployment: F |
- |
3.3% |
3.6% |
4.4% |
|
Sources: 1: Marx, 1998; 2-3, 6-7: Lovell, 1993; 4-5 Andrews, |
|||||
|
1992; 8-9: PNAD, 1997 |
|||||
2.3 Relation inverse entre le Q.I et le crime
Table 4. 10. Percentages of races in population and convictions for homicide, 2003
|
Race |
% Population |
% Homicide |
|
White |
53 |
39.7 |
|
Mulatto |
40 |
49.9 |
|
Blacks |
6 |
9.8 |
|
Asians |
1 |
0.4 |
2.4 A propos des mères
Table 4.12 Race differences among mothers in Rio de Janeiro in 2000
|
Measure |
Whites |
Mulattos |
Blacks |
|
Age <20 years |
16.3 |
22.3 |
24.5 |
|
Education <4 years |
5.8 |
10.6 |
13.9 |
|
Higher education |
13.1 |
2.8 |
1.3 |
|
Smoked while pregnant |
10.3 |
14.9 |
18.5 |
|
Baby syphilitic |
0.8 |
1.9 |
3.0 |
3.Hiérarchie intellectuelle en Angleterre.
|
|
Jews |
Asians |
Whites |
South Asians* |
Blacks |
|
Q.I |
110 |
105 |
100 |
92 |
86 |
(*Pakistanis,Bangladeshis and indians)
3.1 Répartition raciale en Angleterre (tableau 5.1 et 5.2)
Table 5.1. Numbers of non-Europeans in Britain, 1951-2001
|
Year |
Blacks |
Indians |
Pak./Ban. |
Chinese |
|
1951 |
16,000 |
111,000 |
11,000 |
? |
|
1961 |
172,000 |
157,000 |
31,000 |
? |
|
1971 |
302,000 |
313,000 |
136,000 |
? |
|
1991 |
890,000 1,100,000 |
840,000 1,100,000 |
640,000 1,000,000 |
157,000 209,000 |
|
2001
|
Table 5.2. Racial groups as percentages of the British population
|
Year |
Whites |
Blacks |
Indians |
Pak./Ban. |
Chinese |
|
1991 |
94.5 |
1.6 |
1.5 |
1.2 |
0.3 |
|
2001 |
92.4 |
2.1 |
1.9 |
1.4 |
0.4 |
3.2 La hiérarchie reste Q.Icratique pour le salaire
Table 5.14. Average weekly earnings of racial groups ffl
|
|
Year |
White |
Black |
Indian |
Pak./Ban. |
Chinese |
|
1 |
1994 |
331 |
311 |
317 |
220 |
368 |
|
2 |
1995 |
309 |
268 |
279 |
230 |
342 |
|
3 |
2001 |
332 |
225 |
327 |
182 |
- |
3.3 Relation inverse entre le Q.I et l'arrièration mentale
Table 5. 7. Incidence of mental retardation and backwardness
(percenta
|
|
Date |
Condition |
Whites |
Blacks |
S. Asians |
|
1 |
1970 |
Retardation |
0.68 |
2.33 |
0.40 |
|
2 |
1972 |
Retardation |
0.66 |
2.90 |
? |
|
3 |
1980 |
Backwardness |
8.00 |
19.00 |
12.00 |
3.4 La hiérarchie reste Q.Icratique pour l'éducation (tableau 5.8, 5.9 et 5.10)
Table 5.8. Race differences in educational attainment at age 7 (percentage passes)
|
Group |
Reading |
Writing |
Arithmetic |
|
Chinese |
90 |
88 |
96 |
|
Whites |
85 |
82 |
91 |
|
Mixed |
85 |
82 |
91 |
|
Asians |
80 |
78 |
86 |
|
Blacks |
78 |
74 |
84 |
Table 5.9. Race differences in educational attainment (Percentage passes)
|
|
Age 11 |
Age 14 |
||||
|
Group |
English |
Math |
Science |
English |
Math |
Science |
|
Chinese |
82 |
88 |
90 |
80 |
90 |
82 |
|
Whites |
76 |
73 |
87 |
70 |
72 |
70 |
|
Mixed |
77 |
72 |
87 |
69 |
69 |
67 |
|
Asians |
69 |
67 |
79 |
66 |
66 |
59 |
|
Blacks |
68 |
60 |
77 |
56 |
54 |
51 |
Table 5. 10. Race differences in educational attainment for 11 -year?
olds (perce
|
Group |
N |
English |
Math |
Science |
|
jews |
905 |
92 |
91 |
95 |
|
Chinese |
1,938 |
81 |
89 |
89 |
|
Whites |
489,887 |
78 |
74 |
87 |
|
South Asians |
38,721 |
74 |
69 |
79 |
|
Indian |
12,725 |
83 |
80 |
87 |
|
Pakistani |
16,307 |
68 |
61 |
72 |
|
Bangladeshi |
5,979 |
71 |
66 |
77 |
|
Other Asian |
3,710 |
75 |
77 |
82 |
|
Blacks |
21,575 |
70 |
63 |
77 |
|
Caribbean |
8,739 |
70 |
61 |
78 |
|
African |
10,617 |
69 |
64 |
75 |
|
Other Blacks |
2,219 |
71 |
64 |
80 |
|
Others |
4,804 |
66 |
70 |
76 |
|
Unclassified |
18,530 |
71 |
68 |
81 |
|
Total |
592,163 |
77 |
73 |
86 |
3.5 Relation inverse
Table 5. 19. Race differences in conduct disorders in children (odds
ratios)
|
|
Sex |
White |
Black |
Chinese |
S. Asian |
|
1 |
M/F |
1.0 |
1.4 |
|
|
|
2 |
M |
1.0 |
3.9 |
|
|
|
3 |
F |
1.0 |
2.3 |
- |
? |
|
4 |
M/F |
1.0 |
4.4 |
0.18 |
0.92 |
|
Sources: 1: Goodman & Richards, 1995; 2-3: Tizard et al., 1988; 4: Gillborn and Gipps, 1996. |
|||||
3.6 Relation inverse entre le Q.I et le crime
Table 5.20. Race différences in crime (odds ratios)
|
|
Year |
Sex |
White |
Black |
Indian |
Pak./Ban. |
Chinese |
|
1 |
1993 |
M |
1.00 |
6.10 |
0.87 |
0.87 |
? |
|
2 |
1995 |
M |
0.88 |
7.12 |
0.87 |
1.42 |
0.66 |
|
3 |
1995 |
F |
0.80 |
12.19 |
0.60 |
0.50 |
0.66 |
|
Sources: 1: Smith, 1997; 2-3: Home Office, 1998. |
|||||||
3.7 Relation inverse entre le Q.I et le pourcentage de mères célibataires
Table 5.22. Race differences in single teenage mothers (percentages)
|
|
Year |
White |
Black |
S. Asian |
Reference |
|
1 |
1980 |
7 |
27 |
2 |
Brewer & Haslum, 1986 |
|
2 |
1994 |
6 |
21 |
6 |
Modood & Berthoud, 1997 |
3.8 Relation inverse entre le Q.I et le taux de fécondité
Table 5.23. Race différences in fertility (TFR)
|
|
Year |
White |
Black |
Chinese |
Indian |
Pak./Ban. |
|
1 |
1988 |
1.8 |
2.8 |
1.3 |
4.3 |
6.1 |
|
2 |
1991 |
1.8 |
2.7 |
- |
2.5 |
5.0 |
|
3 |
2001 |
1.6 |
2.2 |
- |
2.3 |
4.3 |
4. Hiérarchie intellectuelle en Hollande.
-Mean I.Q of the population.
|
|
Chinese |
White |
indonesians |
Surinamese (Creole) |
Turks |
Marocans |
|
Q.I |
105 |
100 |
94 |
85 |
88 |
88 |
-Composition of the population of the Netherlands around 1995
|
Dutch |
Antilles |
China |
Indonesia |
Morocco |
Surinam |
Turkey |
|
14.6m |
93,000 |
50,000 |
75MOO |
203,000 |
275,000 |
247,000 |
4.1 La hiérarchie reste Q.Icratique pour l'éducation
Table 10.8. Race differences in educational attainment, 1998 (percentages)
|
|
Dutch |
Surinamese |
Turks |
Moroccans |
|
Primary only |
20 |
30 |
70 |
80 |
|
Some High school |
18 |
29 |
- |
- |
|
Competed High school |
54 |
56 |
|
|
|
University Degree |
28 |
15 |
? |
|
|
Sources: row 1: Hagendoorn et al., 2003; rows 2-4: van Niekerk, 2000. |
||||
4.2 La hiérarchie reste Q.Icratique pour le statut socio économique
Table 10.9. Race Differences in socioeconomic status (percentages)
|
SES |
|||||
|
Race |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
|
Dutch |
5.3 |
8.4 |
30.1 |
24.4 |
31.9 |
|
Turk/Moroccans |
- |
- |
9.2 |
20.0 |
70.8 |
4.3 Relation inverse entre le Q.I et le chomage
Table 10.10. Race différences in unemployment (percentages)
|
Year |
Indigenous |
Antilleans |
Moroccans |
Surinamese |
Turks |
Europeans |
|
1979 |
6 |
- |
- |
25 |
- |
|
|
1989 |
il 13 |
24 |
44 |
23 |
42 |
? |
|
1995 |
8 |
23 |
27 |
25 |
22 |
18 |
4.4 Relation inverse entre le Q.I et le crime
Table 10. 11. Race and ethnic differences in juvenile crime (odds ratios)
|
|
Dutch |
Creoles |
Indians |
Moroccans |
Turks |
|
1 |
1.0 |
1.9 |
0.9 |
- |
? |
|
2 |
1.0 |
2.7 |
- |
3.8 |
1.4 |
|
Sources: row 1: Junger and Polder, 1993; row 2: .1unger-Tas, 1997. |
|||||
5. Hiérarchie intellectuelle aux Etats Unis.
Table 13.2. Race differences in intelligence
|
|
Race |
N Samples |
IQ |
References |
|
1 |
Whites |
- |
100 |
Lynn, 2006 |
|
2 |
Blacks |
29 |
85 |
Lynn, 2006 |
|
3 |
East Asians |
10 |
104 |
Lynn, 2006, 2006a |
|
4 |
Hispanics |
39 |
89 |
Roth et al., 2001 |
|
5 |
jews |
17 |
110 |
Lynn, 2009 |
|
6 |
Native Americans |
17 |
86 |
Lynn, 2006 |
|
7 |
Southeast Asians |
7 |
92 |
Lynn, 2006 |
5.1 La hiérarchie reste Q.Icratique dans l'éducation (tableau 13.3 et 13.6)
Table 13.3. Race and ethnic differences on the SAT in 2003
|
Race |
Verbal |
Math |
Total |
|
Asians |
508 |
575 |
1083 |
|
Blacks |
431 |
426 |
857 |
|
Hispanics |
457 |
464 |
921 |
|
Native Americans |
480 |
482 |
962 |
|
Whites |
529 |
534 |
1063 |
|
SD |
113 |
115 |
- |
Table 13.6. Race and ethnie differences in high school diploma and college degree, 1980-1990 (percentages)
|
|
Group |
H.S. Diploma 1980 |
H.S. Diploma 1990 |
Degree 1990 |
|
1 |
Blacks |
62 |
75 |
13 |
|
2 |
East Asians |
86 |
91 |
37 |
|
3 |
Hispanics |
43 |
51 |
10 |
|
4 |
jews |
92 |
97 |
? |
|
5 |
Native Americans |
62 |
75 |
? |
|
6 |
S.E. Asians |
- |
- |
20 |
|
7 |
Whites |
79 |
91 |
26 |
|
Source: Darity, Dietrich, & Guilkey, 1997 |
||||
5.2 Relation inverse entre le Q.I et l'arrièration mentale
Table 13.4. Prevalence of mental retardation (MR) and learning disability (LR) (percentages)
|
|
Condition |
Asian |
Black |
White |
Hispanic |
Native American |
|
1 |
MR |
- |
5.3 |
1.7 |
- |
? |
|
2 |
MR |
0.5 |
2.1 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
1.2 |
|
3 |
LD |
2.0 |
7.0 |
6.0 |
5.4 |
6.3 |
|
4 |
LD |
- |
18.6 |
9.7 |
15.0 |
? |
|
Sources: 1: Broman, Nichols, Shaughnessy & Wallace, 1987; 2-3: Zhang and Katsiyannis, 2002; 4: Office of Civil Rights, US Dept of Education. |
||||||
5.3 La hiérarchie reste Q.Icratique pour les salaires
Table 13. 10 Race and etbnic differences in average annual earnings ($1000) for men aged 25-54
|
Group |
1980 |
1990 |
|
Asians |
23.5 |
46.4 |
|
East Asians |
26.6 |
- |
|
Southeast Asians |
20.3 |
- |
|
Blacks |
18.6 |
24.5 |
|
Hispanics |
19.3 |
- |
|
jews |
32.4 |
? |
|
Native Americans |
19.1 |
- |
|
whites |
23.4 |
46.4 |
5.4 La hiérarchie reste Q.Icratique pour le statut socio-économique
Le statut socio-économique est calculé par l'index de Duncan, qui donne un score à chaque occupation (par exemple à un physicien 100, à un ouvrier 1) On fait ensuite une moyenne de ces résultats.
Table 13.14. Race and ethnic differences in socioeconomic status, 1880-1990
|
Group |
1880 |
1900 |
1910 |
1980 |
1990 |
|
Blacks |
11.70 |
13.03 |
13.65 |
29.19 |
30.81 |
|
East Asians |
13.41 |
13.36 |
17.63 |
49.32 |
51.75 |
|
English |
24.38 |
28.14 |
30.39 |
45.17 |
47.61 |
|
Scots-Irish |
22.57 |
27.62 |
31.64 |
46.09 |
46.73 |
|
Europeans |
21.39 |
19.36 |
24.78 |
43.93 |
44.67 |
|
Hispanics |
13.60 |
11.54 |
12.54 |
27.85 |
27.48 |
5.5 La hiérarchie reste Q.Icratique pour la prévalence des personnes douées
Table 13.17. Prevalence of the gifted (rows 1 and 2: odds ratios; row 3: percentages)
|
|
Years |
Asian |
Black |
Hispanic |
Native American |
White |
|
1 |
1984-1993 |
1.80 |
0.45 |
0.45 |
0.90 |
1.60 |
|
2 |
1988 |
2.17 |
0.37 |
0.45 |
0.17 |
1.86 |
|
3 |
UC Eligible |
32 |
2.5 |
3.5 |
- |
12.4 |
Table 13.19. Rates of inclusion in 'Whos Who in America (per 10,000 population)
|
Group |
1924-25 |
1944-45 |
1974-75 |
1994-95 |
% change 1975-95 |
|
Black |
0.06 |
0.07 |
0.37 |
0.53 |
43 |
|
English |
3.74 |
3.74 |
3.88 |
2.83 |
-27 |
|
Italian |
0.09 |
0.33 |
1.31 |
2.72 |
108 |
|
Jewish |
1.59 |
1.97 |
8.39 |
16.62 |
98 |
|
Scandinavian |
0.42 |
1.29 |
3.57 |
4.79 |
34 |
|
Slavic |
0.16 |
0.29 |
1.48 |
3.52 |
138 |
|
Total |
2.27 |
2.48 |
3.42 |
3.55 |
4 |
5.6 Relation inverse entre le Q.I et le crime
Table 13.20. Race différences in rates of crime in 1994 (odds ratios)
|
Group |
Prison |
Assault |
Homicide |
Rape 5.5 |
Robbery 11.2 |
|
Black |
8.1 |
5.0 |
11.0 |
||
|
East Asian |
0.5 |
0.5 |
0.6 |
0.4 |
0.8 |
|
Hispanic |
3.6 |
3.0 |
2.5 |
3.0 |
3.0 |
|
Native American |
2.7 |
2.0 |
2.0 |
1.7 |
2.1 |
|
White |
1.0 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
6. Hiérarchie intellectuelle en Australie.
6.1 Intelligence des aborigènes d’Australie.
La valeur médiane est de 62 et peut être vue comme la meilleure estimation de l’intelligence des aborigènes d’Australie.
Table 3. 1. Studies of the intelligence ofAustralien Aborigines
|
Age |
N |
Test |
IQ |
Reference |
|
Adults |
56 |
PM |
66 |
Porteus, 1931 |
|
Adults |
24 |
PM |
59 |
Piddington & Piddington, 1932 |
|
Adults |
268 |
Varions |
58 |
Porteus, 1933a, 1933b |
|
Adults |
31 |
AA/PF |
69 |
Fowler, 1940 |
|
Adults |
87 |
PM |
70 |
Porteus & Gregor, 1963 |
|
11 |
101 |
QT |
58 |
Hart, 1965 |
|
Adults |
103 |
PM |
74 |
Porteus et al., 1967 |
|
5 |
24 |
PPVT |
62 |
De Lacey, 1971a, 1971b |
|
6-12 |
40 |
PPVT |
64 |
De Lacey, 1971a, 1971b |
|
Adults |
60 |
CPM |
53 |
Berry, 1971 |
|
3-4 |
22 |
PPVT |
64 |
Nurcombe & Moffit, 1973 |
|
6-14 |
55 |
PPVT |
52 |
Dasen et al., 1973 |
|
9 |
458 |
QT |
58 |
McElwain & Kearney, 1973 |
|
13 |
42 |
SOT |
62 |
Waldron & Gallimore, 1973 |
|
6-10 |
30 |
PPVT |
59 |
De Lacey, 1976 |
|
25 |
22 |
CPM/ KB |
60 |
Binnie-Dawson, 1984 Nurcombe et al., 1999 |
|
4 |
55 |
PPVT |
61 |
6.2 La hiérarchie reste Q.Icratique pour l’éducation
Table 3.2. Educational attainment of Australien Aborigines and Europeans in 1996 (percentages)
|
|
Qualification |
Sex |
Aborigines |
Europeans |
Ratio |
|
1 |
Skilled vocational |
M |
16.3 |
23.8 |
0.68 |
|
2 |
Skilled vocational |
F |
3.3 |
4.1 |
0.81 |
|
3 |
Bachelor degree |
M |
2.6 |
10.1 |
0.26 |
|
4 |
Bachelor degree |
F |
4.3 |
11.4 |
0.38 |
|
5 |
Higher degree |
m F |
0.3 0.4 |
2.4___ 1.4 |
0.13 0.29 |
|
6 |
Higher degree |
Table 3.3. Educational attainment ofAustralien Aborigines and
Europeans in1996
|
Subject |
Aborigines |
Europeans |
d |
|
Reading |
440 |
531 |
1.82 |
|
Math |
450 |
530 |
1.60 |
|
Science |
445 |
525 |
1.60 |
Table 3.4. Intelligence and homework of Chinese and Vietnamese
|
Group |
N |
IQ |
Homework/Week |
|
Chinese |
29 |
106 |
12.0 hours |
|
Vietnamese |
56 |
100 |
8.5 hours |
|
Europeans |
75 |
100 |
5.1 hours |
Table 3.5. Proportions of students enrolled in higher education (odds ratios)
|
Group |
|
OR |
|
Europeans |
Native |
1.11 |
|
Europeans |
Foreign-ES |
0.73 |
|
Europeans |
Foreign-SEE |
0.21 |
|
East Asians |
Hong Kong |
2.40 |
|
East Asians |
Malaysia |
1.94 |
|
East Asians |
Vietnam |
1.43 |
Foreign-SEE : southest europe (grece et yougoslavie)
Foreign-ES (eglish speaking from britain and ireland)
6.3 La hiérarchie reste Q.Icratique pour le salaire.
Table 3.7. Incomes ofAboriginal men as percentages of Europeans
|
Year |
Group |
Aborigines |
Europeans |
|
1980 |
Ail |
50.5 |
100 |
|
1990 |
All |
55.5 |
100 |
|
1980 |
Employed |
65.2 |
100 |
|
1990 |
Employed |
66.7 |
100 |
|
1996 |
All |
65.1 |
100 |
6.4 La hiérarchie reste Q.Icratique pour les taux de chomage
Table 3.8. Unemployment rates of Aborigines and Europeans (percentages)
|
Year |
Aborigines |
Europeans |
|
1981 |
25.1 |
6.1 |
|
1986 |
35.0 |
9.0 |
|
1991 |
30.1 |
11.3 |
|
1996 |
22.7 |
9.0 |
Table 3.9. Unemployment of Aborigines and immigrants, 1985-1988
|
|
Group |
Weeks Unemployed |
|
1 |
Australien Aborigines |
39.80 |
|
2 |
1st generation immigrants-ES |
0.13 |
|
3 |
1st generation immigrants-ENES |
7.67 |
|
4 |
1st generation immigrants-Asian |
12.61 |
|
5 |
2nd generation immigrants-ES |
1.75 |
|
6 |
2nd generation immigrants-ENES |
3.64 |
|
7 |
2nd generation immigrants-Asian |
0.06 |
ES : english speaking (from britain and ireland)
ENBS: European non british speaking
6.5 Relation inverse entre le Q.I et les taux de crimes et délits
Table 3. 10. Imprisonment rates of Aborigines and Europeans per 1,000 population, 1990s
|
Crime |
Aborigines |
Europeans |
Ratio |
|
juvenfles |
- |
- |
48 |
|
Adults |
28.0 |
1.1 |
26 |
6.6 La hiérarchie reste Q.Icratique pour la durée de vie et la santé en générale
Table 3.11. Infant mortality per 1,000 population and life expectancy of Aborigines and Europeans
|
|
Mortality |
Year |
Aborigines |
Europeans |
|
1 |
Infant mortality |
1976 |
51.6 |
13.0 |
|
2 |
Infant mortality |
1980 |
33.1 |
10.2 |
|
3 |
Infant mortality |
1996 |
12.7 |
5.0 |
|
4 |
Life expectancy |
1978 |
53.0 |
73.0 |
|
5 |
Life expectancy-M |
1996 |
57.0 |
75.0 |
|
6 |
Life expectancy-F |
1996 |
64.0 |
81.0 |
7. Hiérarchie intellectuelle en Afrique.
|
Race |
Black |
Whites |
Indians |
Colored |
|
Q.I |
69 |
100 |
86 |
83 |
7.1 La hiérarchie reste Q.Icratique pour l’éduction
Table 2.3. IQs of university students in South Africa
|
|
Test |
N |
Africans |
Indians |
Europeans |
Reference |
|
1 |
APM |
80 |
84 |
|
103 |
Poortinga, 1971 Poortinga & Foden, 1975 |
|
2 |
Blox |
97 |
72 |
- |
100 |
|
|
3 |
Blox |
600 |
79 |
- |
100 |
Taylor & Radford, 1986 |
|
4 |
WISC-R |
63 |
75 |
- |
- |
Avenant, 1988 |
|
5 |
SPM |
147 |
100 |
- |
|
Zaaiman, 1998 |
|
6 |
SPM |
30 |
77 |
- |
- |
Grieve & Viljoen, 2000 |
|
7 |
SPM |
309 |
83 |
- |
103 |
Rushton & Skuy, 2000 |
|
8 |
SPM |
60 |
82 |
- |
105 |
Sonke, 2001 |
|
9 |
SPM |
70 |
81 |
- |
- |
Skuy et al., 2002 |
|
10 |
SPM |
342 |
93 |
98 |
106 |
Rushton et al., 2002 |
|
11 |
APM |
294 |
99 |
102 |
113 |
Rushton et al., 2003 |
|
12 |
APM |
306 |
101 |
106 |
116 |
Rushton et al., 2004 |
Table 2.4. Race differences in educational attainment in South Africa (percentages)
|
|
Year |
Measure |
Whites |
Indians |
Coloreds |
Blacks |
|
1 |
1980 |
Primary |
15 |
33 |
44 |
37 |
|
2 |
1980 |
Secondary |
57 |
38 |
23 |
14 |
|
3 |
1980 |
University |
4.2 |
0.26 |
0.15 |
0.05 |
|
4 |
1991 |
Matric. |
23.4 |
19.2 |
4.8 |
2.8 |
|
5 |
1991 |
University |
3.6 |
2.5 |
0.7 |
0.6 |
|
6 |
2004 |
University |
29.8 |
14.9 |
4.9 |
5.2 |
|
Sources. 1-3: Mickelson et al., 2001. 4: Census, 1991 5: Richardson et al., 1996. 6: www.SouthAfricaninfo.com.. |
||||||
Table 2.5. Race differences in mathematics attainment
|
|
Whites |
Indians |
Coloreds |
Blacks |
|
Number |
831 |
199 |
1,172 |
5,412 |
|
Score |
373 |
341 |
339 |
254 |
|
S. Error |
4.9 |
8.6 |
2.9 |
1.2 |
Table 2.6. Education (number of years) of blacks and Indians in Tanzania
|
Year |
Blacks |
Indians |
|
1971 |
3.6 |
8.3 |
|
1980 |
6.2 |
11.1 |
Table 2.7. Examination attainment of blacks and Indians in East Africa (percentage)
|
|
Country |
Division |
Blacks |
Indians |
|
1 |
Kenya |
1 |
12.2 |
40.0 |
|
2 |
Kenya |
2 |
23.0 |
40.0 |
|
3 |
Tanzania |
1 |
9.4 |
12.9 |
|
4 |
Tanzania |
2 |
35.4 |
45.2 |
7.2 La hiérarchie reste Q.Icratique pour le salaire
Table 2.8. Race and ethnic differences in South Aftica in earnings(1936-1946)
|
|
Year |
Whites |
Indians |
Coloreds |
Blacks |
|
1 |
1936 |
129.6 |
27.6 |
18.8 |
12.8 |
|
2 |
1946 |
238.1 |
45.7 |
34.1 |
23.2 |
|
|
1995 |
103,000 |
71,000 |
32,000 |
23,000 |
|
4 |
2000 |
158,000 |
85,000 |
51,000 |
26,000 |
|
Sources: rows |
1 and 2: Reynders, 1963; rows 3 |
||||
|
and 4: Earning and Spending in South Africa: |
|||||
|
Selected findings and comparisons from the |
|||||
|
income and expenditure surveys of October |
|||||
|
1995 and October 2000. www.statssa.gov.za. |
|||||
Table 2.9. Earnings of Indians and Europeans in Kenya expressed as Multiples of earnings of blacks
|
Year |
Blacks |
Indians |
Europeans 144 |
|
1914 |
1 |
26 |
|
|
1927 |
1 |
25 |
107 |
|
1946 |
1 |
22 |
84 |
|
1960 |
1 |
20 |
57 |
|
1971 |
1 |
24 |
42 |
Table 2. 10. Earnings per month (Sb) of blacks and Indians in Tanzania
|
Year |
Blacks |
Indians |
Reference |
|
1971 |
273 |
829 |
Armitage & Sabot, 1991 |
|
1980 |
1584 |
668 |
Armitage & Sabot, 1991 |
7.3 La hiérarchie reste Q.Icratique pour l’éduction
Table 2.11. Race difference in socioeconomic status in South Africa in 1980 (percentages)
|
|
Measure |
Whites |
Indians |
coloreds |
Blacks |
Reference |
|
1 |
Professional |
20.0 |
10.0 |
6.0 |
4.0 |
Mickelson et al., 2001 |
|
2 |
Administrators |
5.0 |
2.5 |
0.2 |
0.1 |
Mickelson et al., 2001 |
Table 2.12. Socioeconomic status differences between blacks and Indians in Tanzania (percentages)
|
Country |
Blacks |
Indians |
|
White collar |
11 |
59 |
|
Skilled |
29 |
31 |
|
Semi-skilled |
40 |
9 |
|
Unskilled |
20 |
1 |
7.4 Relation inverse entre le Q.I et le niveau de pauvreté
Table 2.13. Race differences in poverty and malnutrition in South Africa
|
Measure |
Whites |
Indians |
Coloreds |
Blacks |
Reference |
|
Poverty |
12.0 |
21.0 |
34.0 |
52.0 |
Hirschowitz & Orkin, 1997 |
|
Malnutrition |
5.7 |
- |
18.0 |
32.0 |
Burgard, 2002 |
7.5 Relation inverse entre le Q.I et le taux de crimes et délits
Table 2.14. Race differences in homicide per 100,000 population in South Africa
|
Year |
Whites |
Indians |
Coloreds |
Blacks |
|
1978 |
3.8 |
4.4 |
26.5 |
23.9 |
|
1981 |
6.8 |
10.0 |
76.6 |
24.5 |
|
1984 |
5.8 |
9.9 |
58.0 |
34.5 |
7.6 Relation inverse entre le Q.I et la mortalité infantile
Table 2.15. Race differences in infant mortality per 1,000 live births
|
Year |
Whites |
Indians |
Coloreds |
Blacks |
|
1945 |
40.3 |
82.5 |
151.0 |
190.0 |
|
1987-89 |
7.9 |
14.4 |
33.4 |
61.0 |
7.6 Relation inverse entre le Q.I et le taux de fécondité
Table 2.16. Race differences in fertility (TFR) in South Africa
|
Year |
Whites |
Indians |
Coloreds |
Blacks |
|
1945-50 |
3.4 |
6.5 |
6.2 |
6.1 |
|
1965-70 |
3.1 |
4.2 |
6.1 |
5.8 |
|
1987-89 |
2.0 |
2.4 |
2.9 |
4.1 |
Conclusion
Quel que soit le pays multiracial à travers le monde, la hiérarchie reste remarquablement inchangée. (Afrique, Australie, Brésil, Angleterre, Canada, Caraïbes, Hawaii, Amérique latine, Hollande, Nouvelle-Zélande, Asie du sud-est). La sédimentation sociale est dictée par le Q.I.
L’ensemble des données sont disponibles dans « The global bell curve », 2009, Lynn.